Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Inhibition of microbiota-dependent TMAO production attenuates chronic kidney disease in mice

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-80063-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inhibition of TMAO generation decreases inflammation and fibrosis in the kidneys of adenine diet-induced CKD. Gene expression analysis of kidney samples from the same mice described in Fig. were performed using qPCR ( a ), n = 8 to 9 per group, and RNA-seq ( b , c ). Based on the RNA-seq data, pathway enrichment analysis was performed to identify down-regulated ( b ), and up-regulated ( c ) functional clusters in the kidneys of Ade + IMC group compared to the Ade group (n = 6 per group). Gene expression ( d , n = 4–5/group) and immunoblotting ( e , f , n = 3/group) analysis of MDCK II kidney epithelial cells treated with control, and various doses of TMAO ( d ) or 200 μM of TMAO ( e , f ) for 48 h. ( g ) MDCKII cells were treated with control media, 100 nM NF-κB inhibitor IV (Inh), 200 μM TMAO (TMAO), or 200 μM TMAO + 100 nM NF-κB inhibitor IV (TMAO + Inh) for 48 h before gene expression analysis (n = 9 for each group). For ( a , f ), two tailed Student’s t-test was performed. Symbols: *p < 0.05, and **p < 0.01. For ( d ) Post hoc Tukey’s multiple comparisons test was performed after significant one-way ANOVA. Symbols: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001 compared to the control group. For ( g ) Post hoc analysis was performed after significant two-way ANOVA. Symbols: **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Normal human primary renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTEC, ATCC, Manassas, VA) were grown in renal epithelial cell basal media (ATCC PCS400030) supplemented with renal epithelial cell growth kit (ATCC PCS400040), and 100 U/ml penicillin/100 μg/ml streptomycin (Gibco, Carlsbad, CA) according to the supplier’s protocol.

Techniques: Inhibition, Gene Expression, RNA Sequencing, Functional Assay, Western Blot, Control, Two Tailed Test

Journal: The Korean Journal of Hepatology

Article Title: Diagnostic value of cystatin C for predicting acute kidney injury in patients with liver cirrhosis

doi: 10.3350/kjhep.2010.16.3.301

Figure Lengend Snippet: ROC curves for serum cystatin C, creatinine, and MELD score for predicting the development of acute kidney injury within 3 months. The AUC values of serum cystatin C, creatinine, and MELD score were 0.735, 0.698, and 0.641, respectively.

Article Snippet: The renal function of cirrhotic patients was evaluated by testing for serum creatinine, serum and urine cystatin C (Human Cystatin C ELISA kits; BioVendor LLC, Candler, NC, USA), and 24-hour creatinine clearance.

Techniques:

Journal: The Korean Journal of Hepatology

Article Title: Diagnostic value of cystatin C for predicting acute kidney injury in patients with liver cirrhosis

doi: 10.3350/kjhep.2010.16.3.301

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cumulative survival rate according to serum cystatin C (A) and creatinine (B) levels. Reference values of cystatin C and serum creatinine were 1.23 mg/L and 0.9 mg/dL, respectively.

Article Snippet: The renal function of cirrhotic patients was evaluated by testing for serum creatinine, serum and urine cystatin C (Human Cystatin C ELISA kits; BioVendor LLC, Candler, NC, USA), and 24-hour creatinine clearance.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Saxagliptin Attenuates Albuminuria by Inhibiting Podocyte Epithelial- to-Mesenchymal Transition via SDF-1α in Diabetic Nephropathy

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00780

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of saxagliptin treatment on PKA phosphorylation and oxidative stress in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic rats. (A) Expression of PKA phosphorylation was assessed by Western blot analysis. (B) Quantification of PKA phosphorylation. (C–F) Immunohistochemistry and dihydroethidium staining for NOX2 expression (original magnification × 400, bars = 50 μm) and ROS production (original magnification × 200, bars = 50 μm) as well as their quantification of expression. (G) Representative Western blot for NOX2 expression in rats. (H) Quantification of NOX2 revealed by Western blot. (I,J) Western blot result for phosphorylation of ERK1/2 as well as its quantification. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test was used to compare the differences between any two of the three groups. The data are presented as the mean ± SD ( n = 5 for each group). ∗ P < 0.05 vs. NC group; # P < 0.05 vs. DM group. NC, non-diabetic group as normal control; DM, non-treated diabetic group; DM + Sax, diabetic rats with saxagliptin administration.

Article Snippet: ROS levels in renal tissue were tested with a dihydroethidium (DHE) assay kit (Beyotime, Jiangsu, China), and ROS levels in cells were examined with a DCFH-DA assay kit (Beyotime, Jiangsu, China).

Techniques: Phospho-proteomics, Expressing, Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry, Staining, Control